Enumerative and Binomial Sampling Plans for Armored Scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) on Kiwifruit Leaves
The spatial dispersion of armored scale insects; greedy scale,Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock); and latania scale,Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret), was investigated onkiwifruit, Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chevalier) C. F.Liang et A. R. Ferguson, leaves in New Zealand. A universaldescription for dispersion...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of economic entomology 2000-12, Vol.93 (6), p.1752-1759 |
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| container_title | Journal of economic entomology |
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| creator | Blank, R. H. Gill, G. S C. McKenna, C. E. Stevens, P. S. |
| description | The spatial dispersion of armored scale insects; greedy scale,Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock); and latania scale,Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret), was investigated onkiwifruit, Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chevalier) C. F.Liang et A. R. Ferguson, leaves in New Zealand. A universaldescription for dispersion was determined using Taylor’s power law,which encompassed a wide range of different orchards, blocks, blocksizes, sampling times, scale control practices, regions and seasons.Scale density significantly altered dispersion, especially at the highdensities found on unsprayed kiwifruit. Most commercially managedkiwifruit blocks had low densities of |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1603/0022-0493-93.6.1752 |
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H. ; Gill, G. S C. ; McKenna, C. E. ; Stevens, P. S.</creator><creatorcontrib>Blank, R. H. ; Gill, G. S C. ; McKenna, C. E. ; Stevens, P. S.</creatorcontrib><description>The spatial dispersion of armored scale insects; greedy scale,Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock); and latania scale,Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret), was investigated onkiwifruit, Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chevalier) C. F.Liang et A. R. Ferguson, leaves in New Zealand. A universaldescription for dispersion was determined using Taylor’s power law,which encompassed a wide range of different orchards, blocks, blocksizes, sampling times, scale control practices, regions and seasons.Scale density significantly altered dispersion, especially at the highdensities found on unsprayed kiwifruit. Most commercially managedkiwifruit blocks had low densities of <0.5 scale per leaf and had aslightly aggregated scale dispersion. Wilson and Room’s binomialmodel, which incorporates a clumping pattern as a function of density,gave a significant relationship between the proportion of infestedleaves and scale density. The optimal leaf sample sizes were estimatedfor predetermined levels of sampling reliability. Where populationestimates require a high degree of precision and enumerative samplingmethods are used, 2,500 leaves should be sampled when scale densitiesare near the current spray threshold of 4% infested leaves and 500leaves at 20% infested leaves. For management-decision sampling, wherea lower level of precision was acceptable, enumerative sampling wouldrequire that 400 leaves be sampled at 4%; or 85 leaves at 20%infested leaves. With binomial sampling to achieve an equivalent levelof precision an increased sample size of 6–11% is required.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-0493</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-291X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 0022-0493</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1603/0022-0493-93.6.1752</identifier><identifier>PMID: 11142309</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JEENAI</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Lanham, MD: Entomological Society of America</publisher><subject>Animals ; armored scale insects ; Biological and medical sciences ; Fruit ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Hemiberlesia lataniae ; Hemiberlesia rapax ; Hemiptera ; HORTICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY ; Insect Control - methods ; kiwifruit ; New Zealand ; Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection ; Plant Leaves ; Population Density ; Protozoa. Invertebrates ; Records, symptoms, damages, economic importance, population surveys ; sampling plans ; Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><ispartof>Journal of economic entomology, 2000-12, Vol.93 (6), p.1752-1759</ispartof><rights>Entomological Society of America</rights><rights>2003 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b418t-8b2abb73b4ec578d9859a02db90b8caeedf82bd06d5eac097c91ad27f05168ff3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.1603/0022-0493-93.6.1752$$EPDF$$P50$$Gbioone$$H</linktopdf><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,26955,27901,27902,52338</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=14498765$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11142309$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Blank, R. H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gill, G. S C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McKenna, C. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stevens, P. S.</creatorcontrib><title>Enumerative and Binomial Sampling Plans for Armored Scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) on Kiwifruit Leaves</title><title>Journal of economic entomology</title><addtitle>J Econ Entomol</addtitle><description>The spatial dispersion of armored scale insects; greedy scale,Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock); and latania scale,Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret), was investigated onkiwifruit, Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chevalier) C. F.Liang et A. R. Ferguson, leaves in New Zealand. A universaldescription for dispersion was determined using Taylor’s power law,which encompassed a wide range of different orchards, blocks, blocksizes, sampling times, scale control practices, regions and seasons.Scale density significantly altered dispersion, especially at the highdensities found on unsprayed kiwifruit. Most commercially managedkiwifruit blocks had low densities of <0.5 scale per leaf and had aslightly aggregated scale dispersion. Wilson and Room’s binomialmodel, which incorporates a clumping pattern as a function of density,gave a significant relationship between the proportion of infestedleaves and scale density. The optimal leaf sample sizes were estimatedfor predetermined levels of sampling reliability. Where populationestimates require a high degree of precision and enumerative samplingmethods are used, 2,500 leaves should be sampled when scale densitiesare near the current spray threshold of 4% infested leaves and 500leaves at 20% infested leaves. For management-decision sampling, wherea lower level of precision was acceptable, enumerative sampling wouldrequire that 400 leaves be sampled at 4%; or 85 leaves at 20%infested leaves. With binomial sampling to achieve an equivalent levelof precision an increased sample size of 6–11% is required.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>armored scale insects</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Fruit</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Hemiberlesia lataniae</subject><subject>Hemiberlesia rapax</subject><subject>Hemiptera</subject><subject>HORTICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY</subject><subject>Insect Control - methods</subject><subject>kiwifruit</subject><subject>New Zealand</subject><subject>Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection</subject><subject>Plant Leaves</subject><subject>Population Density</subject><subject>Protozoa. Invertebrates</subject><subject>Records, symptoms, damages, economic importance, population surveys</subject><subject>sampling plans</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><issn>0022-0493</issn><issn>1938-291X</issn><issn>0022-0493</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2000</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkE1r3DAQhkVpaLZpf0Gh6NLSHLzVhz-k3tI0X2ShhTSQmxhZo6BgW65kp_Tf18suyTUwMJfnfYd5CPnA2ZrXTH5lTIiClVoWWq7rNW8q8YqsuJaqEJrfvSarJ-KQvM35gTFeC87ekEPOeSkk0yviz4a5xwRTeEQKg6PfwxD7AB29gX7swnBPf3UwZOpjoiepjwkdvWmhQ_rlMvZxnJbwN_ojQB6DCw7wmMaBXoe_wac5THSD8Ij5HTnw0GV8v99H5Pb87PfpZbH5eXF1erIpbMnVVCgrwNpG2hLbqlFOq0oDE85qZlULiM4rYR2rXYXQMt20moMTjWcVr5X38oh83vWOKf6ZMU-mD7nFbnkB45xNIyrBuBQLKHdgm2LOCb0ZU-gh_TOcma1es5VntvLMMrXZ6l1SH_f1s-3RPWf2Phfg0x6AvEjyCYY25GeuLLVq6mrh-I6zIcYBX3T8P5ZOkgg</recordid><startdate>20001201</startdate><enddate>20001201</enddate><creator>Blank, R. H.</creator><creator>Gill, G. S C.</creator><creator>McKenna, C. E.</creator><creator>Stevens, P. S.</creator><general>Entomological Society of America</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20001201</creationdate><title>Enumerative and Binomial Sampling Plans for Armored Scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) on Kiwifruit Leaves</title><author>Blank, R. H. ; Gill, G. S C. ; McKenna, C. E. ; Stevens, P. S.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b418t-8b2abb73b4ec578d9859a02db90b8caeedf82bd06d5eac097c91ad27f05168ff3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2000</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>armored scale insects</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Fruit</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Hemiberlesia lataniae</topic><topic>Hemiberlesia rapax</topic><topic>Hemiptera</topic><topic>HORTICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY</topic><topic>Insect Control - methods</topic><topic>kiwifruit</topic><topic>New Zealand</topic><topic>Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection</topic><topic>Plant Leaves</topic><topic>Population Density</topic><topic>Protozoa. Invertebrates</topic><topic>Records, symptoms, damages, economic importance, population surveys</topic><topic>sampling plans</topic><topic>Sensitivity and Specificity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Blank, R. H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gill, G. S C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McKenna, C. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stevens, P. S.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of economic entomology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Blank, R. H.</au><au>Gill, G. S C.</au><au>McKenna, C. E.</au><au>Stevens, P. S.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Enumerative and Binomial Sampling Plans for Armored Scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) on Kiwifruit Leaves</atitle><jtitle>Journal of economic entomology</jtitle><addtitle>J Econ Entomol</addtitle><date>2000-12-01</date><risdate>2000</risdate><volume>93</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1752</spage><epage>1759</epage><pages>1752-1759</pages><issn>0022-0493</issn><eissn>1938-291X</eissn><eissn>0022-0493</eissn><coden>JEENAI</coden><abstract>The spatial dispersion of armored scale insects; greedy scale,Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock); and latania scale,Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret), was investigated onkiwifruit, Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chevalier) C. F.Liang et A. R. Ferguson, leaves in New Zealand. A universaldescription for dispersion was determined using Taylor’s power law,which encompassed a wide range of different orchards, blocks, blocksizes, sampling times, scale control practices, regions and seasons.Scale density significantly altered dispersion, especially at the highdensities found on unsprayed kiwifruit. Most commercially managedkiwifruit blocks had low densities of <0.5 scale per leaf and had aslightly aggregated scale dispersion. Wilson and Room’s binomialmodel, which incorporates a clumping pattern as a function of density,gave a significant relationship between the proportion of infestedleaves and scale density. The optimal leaf sample sizes were estimatedfor predetermined levels of sampling reliability. Where populationestimates require a high degree of precision and enumerative samplingmethods are used, 2,500 leaves should be sampled when scale densitiesare near the current spray threshold of 4% infested leaves and 500leaves at 20% infested leaves. For management-decision sampling, wherea lower level of precision was acceptable, enumerative sampling wouldrequire that 400 leaves be sampled at 4%; or 85 leaves at 20%infested leaves. With binomial sampling to achieve an equivalent levelof precision an increased sample size of 6–11% is required.</abstract><cop>Lanham, MD</cop><pub>Entomological Society of America</pub><pmid>11142309</pmid><doi>10.1603/0022-0493-93.6.1752</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); MEDLINE; BioOne Complete |
| subjects | Animals armored scale insects Biological and medical sciences Fruit Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Hemiberlesia lataniae Hemiberlesia rapax Hemiptera HORTICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY Insect Control - methods kiwifruit New Zealand Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection Plant Leaves Population Density Protozoa. Invertebrates Records, symptoms, damages, economic importance, population surveys sampling plans Sensitivity and Specificity |
| title | Enumerative and Binomial Sampling Plans for Armored Scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) on Kiwifruit Leaves |
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