Enumerative and Binomial Sampling Plans for Armored Scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) on Kiwifruit Leaves

The spatial dispersion of armored scale insects; greedy scale,Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock); and latania scale,Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret), was investigated onkiwifruit, Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chevalier) C. F.Liang et A. R. Ferguson, leaves in New Zealand. A universaldescription for dispersion was determined using Taylor’s power law,which encompassed a wide range of different orchards, blocks, blocksizes, sampling times, scale control practices, regions and seasons.Scale density significantly altered dispersion, especially at the highdensities found on unsprayed kiwifruit. Most commercially managedkiwifruit blocks had low densities of