Conal enlargement for diffuse subaortic stenosis

Twelve patients underwent conal enlargement for diffuse subaortic stenosis over a 3½-year period. The subaortic stenosis was due to tunnel outflow in 11 and malattached mitral valve in one. Mean age was 4.4 ± 4 years and mean subaortic gradient was 50 ± 21 mm Hg. Three infants had a malalignment ventricular septal defect In eight patients significant obstruction occurred 2 to 7 years (mean 4 ± 2) after simple resection of subaortic stenosis (n = 2), ventricular septal defect closure (n = 2), ventricular septal defect closure and subaortic stenosis resection (n = 2), and canal repair (n = 2). In three infants the tunnel outflow distal to a malalignment ventricular septal defect was enlarged and closed with the defect. In three patients with subaortic stenosis proximal to a previously repaired ventricular septal defect, transatrial conal enlargement through the ventricular septal defect was performed. Another patient without a ventricular septal defect had transatrial conal enlargement The remaining five patients had the modified Konno procedure. Two patients had postoperative complete heart block and one infant had insertion of an apicoaortic conduit for aortic anulus hypoplasia 9 months later. One patient died of pneumonia during the follow-up period. Postoperative echographic outflow gradients up to 3½ years (mean 1.2 ± 1) ranged up to 25 mm Hg (mean 7 ± 11) and were mainly at the aortic level. The 11 surviving patients are doing well up to 3½ years of follow-up (mean 1.5 ± 1). We conclude that conal enlargement procedures with aortic valve preservation are preferable, effective, and can be safely performed for diffuse subaortic stenosis in infants and children.