Spiro[fluoreneisothiazolidin]one dioxides: new aldose reductase and L-hexonate dehydrogenase inhibitors

The first examples of spiro[fluorene-9,4'- and -9,5'-isothiazolidin]one dioxides (1 and 2) were synthesized and screened for activity as aldose reductase and L-hexonate dehydrogenase inhibitors. Compared to compounds 1, and 9,5'-compounds 2, synthesized from fluorene-9-sulfonamides by alkylation at C(9) with ethyl bromoacetate followed by cyclization, were more active, but relatively nonselective, inhibitors of aldose reductase and L-hexonate dehydrogenase, with IC50 values for in vitro inhibition of both enzymes on the order of 10(-7)-10(-8) M. However, the isomeric 9,4'-compounds 1, prepared by alkylation of fluorene-9-carboxylic acid esters with bromo- or iodomethanesulfonamide followed by cyclization, were more selective inhibitors of L-hexonate dehydrogenase with IC50 values of about 10(-6) M.