Relation Between Hospital Primary Angioplasty Volume and Mortality for Patients With Acute MI Treated With Primary Angioplasty vs Thrombolytic Therapy

CONTEXT Institutional experience with primary angioplasty has been suggested as a factor in selecting a reperfusion strategy for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, no large studies have directly compared outcomes of primary angioplasty vs thrombolytic therapy as a function of...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association 2000-12, Vol.284 (24), p.3131-3138
Hauptverfasser: Magid, David J, Calonge, B. Ned, Rumsfeld, John S, Canto, John G, Frederick, Paul D, Every, Nathan R, Barron, Hal V, for the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 and 3 Investigators
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 3138
container_issue 24
container_start_page 3131
container_title JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association
container_volume 284
creator Magid, David J
Calonge, B. Ned
Rumsfeld, John S
Canto, John G
Frederick, Paul D
Every, Nathan R
Barron, Hal V
for the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 and 3 Investigators
description CONTEXT Institutional experience with primary angioplasty has been suggested as a factor in selecting a reperfusion strategy for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, no large studies have directly compared outcomes of primary angioplasty vs thrombolytic therapy as a function of institutional experience. OBJECTIVE To compare outcomes among patients with AMI who were treated with primary angioplasty vs thrombolytic therapy at hospitals with different volumes of primary angioplasty. DESIGN Retrospective cohort. SETTING A total of 446 acute care hospitals with 112 classified as low volume (≤16 procedures), 223 as intermediate volume (17-48 procedures), and 111 as high volume (≥49 procedures) based on their annual primary angioplasty volume. PATIENTS A total of 62 299 patients with AMI treated with primary angioplasty or thrombolytic therapy from June 1, 1994, through July 31, 1999. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE In-hospital mortality. RESULTS Mortality was lower among patients who received primary angioplasty compared with those who received thrombolysis at hospitals with intermediate volumes (4.5% vs 5.9%; P
doi_str_mv 10.1001/jama.284.24.3131
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_72473995</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><ama_id>193408</ama_id><sourcerecordid>72473995</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-a327t-54fe5a145ffccc98146297d067ccf21c223a1c558248ac6464376fc2c8c58cc03</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpt0d9rFDEQB_AgFntW3_VFgoJve-bnJvt4FrWFFouc-rhM57I2x-5mTbLK_SP-vabcaaE0LyHDhy-ZGUJecLbkjPF3WxhgKaxaCrWUXPJHZMG1tJXUjX1MFow1tjLKqmPyNKUtK4dL84Qcc86lNqZekD9fXA_Zh5G-d_m3cyM9C2nyGXp6Ff0AcUdX4w8fph5S3tFvoZ8HR2Hc0MsQi_Kl2IVIr0qIG3Oi332-oSucs6OX53QdHWS32VcfCvyV6PomhuE69LvssTxchGn3jBx10Cf3_HCfkK8fP6xPz6qLz5_OT1cXFUhhcqVV5zRwpbsOERvLVS0as2G1QewERyEkcNTaCmUBa1UraeoOBVrUFpHJE_J2nzvF8HN2KbeDT-j6HkYX5tQaoYxsGl3g63twG-Y4lr-14naYvK5v0asDmq8Ht2mnfcPtv3EX8OYAICH0XYQRffrvrC7MFvVyr8p27zIaqZiVfwEJG5jE</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>211351665</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Relation Between Hospital Primary Angioplasty Volume and Mortality for Patients With Acute MI Treated With Primary Angioplasty vs Thrombolytic Therapy</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>American Medical Association Journals</source><creator>Magid, David J ; Calonge, B. Ned ; Rumsfeld, John S ; Canto, John G ; Frederick, Paul D ; Every, Nathan R ; Barron, Hal V ; for the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 and 3 Investigators</creator><creatorcontrib>Magid, David J ; Calonge, B. Ned ; Rumsfeld, John S ; Canto, John G ; Frederick, Paul D ; Every, Nathan R ; Barron, Hal V ; for the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 and 3 Investigators ; National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 and 3 Investigators</creatorcontrib><description>CONTEXT Institutional experience with primary angioplasty has been suggested as a factor in selecting a reperfusion strategy for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, no large studies have directly compared outcomes of primary angioplasty vs thrombolytic therapy as a function of institutional experience. OBJECTIVE To compare outcomes among patients with AMI who were treated with primary angioplasty vs thrombolytic therapy at hospitals with different volumes of primary angioplasty. DESIGN Retrospective cohort. SETTING A total of 446 acute care hospitals with 112 classified as low volume (≤16 procedures), 223 as intermediate volume (17-48 procedures), and 111 as high volume (≥49 procedures) based on their annual primary angioplasty volume. PATIENTS A total of 62 299 patients with AMI treated with primary angioplasty or thrombolytic therapy from June 1, 1994, through July 31, 1999. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE In-hospital mortality. RESULTS Mortality was lower among patients who received primary angioplasty compared with those who received thrombolysis at hospitals with intermediate volumes (4.5% vs 5.9%; P&lt;.001) and high volumes (3.4% vs 5.4%; P&lt;.001) of primary angioplasty. At low-volume hospitals, there was no significant difference in mortality between patients treated with primary angioplasty vs those treated with thrombolysis (6.2% vs 5.9%; P = .58). Adjusting for differences in demographic, medical history, clinical presentation, treatment, and hospital characteristics did not significantly alter these findings. CONCLUSIONS In this study, patients with AMI treated at hospitals with high or intermediate volumes of primary angioplasty had lower mortality with primary angioplasty than with thrombolysis, whereas patients with AMI treated at hospitals with low angioplasty volumes had similar mortality outcomes with primary angioplasty or thrombolysis.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0098-7484</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1538-3598</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1001/jama.284.24.3131</identifier><identifier>PMID: 11135776</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JAMAAP</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chicago, IL: American Medical Association</publisher><subject>Aged ; Angioplasty ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary - statistics &amp; numerical data ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cardiology ; Cardiology Service, Hospital - standards ; Cardiology Service, Hospital - statistics &amp; numerical data ; Cardiology. Vascular system ; Clinical outcomes ; Coronary heart disease ; Female ; Heart ; Heart attacks ; Hospital Mortality ; Hospitals - standards ; Hospitals - statistics &amp; numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction - mortality ; Myocardial Infarction - therapy ; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgery Department, Hospital - standards ; Surgery Department, Hospital - statistics &amp; numerical data ; Thrombolytic Therapy - statistics &amp; numerical data ; United States - epidemiology</subject><ispartof>JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association, 2000-12, Vol.284 (24), p.3131-3138</ispartof><rights>2001 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Medical Association Dec 27, 2000</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a327t-54fe5a145ffccc98146297d067ccf21c223a1c558248ac6464376fc2c8c58cc03</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/10.1001/jama.284.24.3131$$EPDF$$P50$$Gama$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.284.24.3131$$EHTML$$P50$$Gama$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>64,314,776,780,3327,27901,27902,76231,76234</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=853578$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11135776$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Magid, David J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Calonge, B. Ned</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rumsfeld, John S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Canto, John G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Frederick, Paul D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Every, Nathan R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barron, Hal V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>for the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 and 3 Investigators</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 and 3 Investigators</creatorcontrib><title>Relation Between Hospital Primary Angioplasty Volume and Mortality for Patients With Acute MI Treated With Primary Angioplasty vs Thrombolytic Therapy</title><title>JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association</title><addtitle>JAMA</addtitle><description>CONTEXT Institutional experience with primary angioplasty has been suggested as a factor in selecting a reperfusion strategy for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, no large studies have directly compared outcomes of primary angioplasty vs thrombolytic therapy as a function of institutional experience. OBJECTIVE To compare outcomes among patients with AMI who were treated with primary angioplasty vs thrombolytic therapy at hospitals with different volumes of primary angioplasty. DESIGN Retrospective cohort. SETTING A total of 446 acute care hospitals with 112 classified as low volume (≤16 procedures), 223 as intermediate volume (17-48 procedures), and 111 as high volume (≥49 procedures) based on their annual primary angioplasty volume. PATIENTS A total of 62 299 patients with AMI treated with primary angioplasty or thrombolytic therapy from June 1, 1994, through July 31, 1999. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE In-hospital mortality. RESULTS Mortality was lower among patients who received primary angioplasty compared with those who received thrombolysis at hospitals with intermediate volumes (4.5% vs 5.9%; P&lt;.001) and high volumes (3.4% vs 5.4%; P&lt;.001) of primary angioplasty. At low-volume hospitals, there was no significant difference in mortality between patients treated with primary angioplasty vs those treated with thrombolysis (6.2% vs 5.9%; P = .58). Adjusting for differences in demographic, medical history, clinical presentation, treatment, and hospital characteristics did not significantly alter these findings. CONCLUSIONS In this study, patients with AMI treated at hospitals with high or intermediate volumes of primary angioplasty had lower mortality with primary angioplasty than with thrombolysis, whereas patients with AMI treated at hospitals with low angioplasty volumes had similar mortality outcomes with primary angioplasty or thrombolysis.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Angioplasty</subject><subject>Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary - statistics &amp; numerical data</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cardiology</subject><subject>Cardiology Service, Hospital - standards</subject><subject>Cardiology Service, Hospital - statistics &amp; numerical data</subject><subject>Cardiology. Vascular system</subject><subject>Clinical outcomes</subject><subject>Coronary heart disease</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Heart</subject><subject>Heart attacks</subject><subject>Hospital Mortality</subject><subject>Hospitals - standards</subject><subject>Hospitals - statistics &amp; numerical data</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Myocardial Infarction - mortality</subject><subject>Myocardial Infarction - therapy</subject><subject>Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Surgery Department, Hospital - standards</subject><subject>Surgery Department, Hospital - statistics &amp; numerical data</subject><subject>Thrombolytic Therapy - statistics &amp; numerical data</subject><subject>United States - epidemiology</subject><issn>0098-7484</issn><issn>1538-3598</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2000</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpt0d9rFDEQB_AgFntW3_VFgoJve-bnJvt4FrWFFouc-rhM57I2x-5mTbLK_SP-vabcaaE0LyHDhy-ZGUJecLbkjPF3WxhgKaxaCrWUXPJHZMG1tJXUjX1MFow1tjLKqmPyNKUtK4dL84Qcc86lNqZekD9fXA_Zh5G-d_m3cyM9C2nyGXp6Ff0AcUdX4w8fph5S3tFvoZ8HR2Hc0MsQi_Kl2IVIr0qIG3Oi332-oSucs6OX53QdHWS32VcfCvyV6PomhuE69LvssTxchGn3jBx10Cf3_HCfkK8fP6xPz6qLz5_OT1cXFUhhcqVV5zRwpbsOERvLVS0as2G1QewERyEkcNTaCmUBa1UraeoOBVrUFpHJE_J2nzvF8HN2KbeDT-j6HkYX5tQaoYxsGl3g63twG-Y4lr-14naYvK5v0asDmq8Ht2mnfcPtv3EX8OYAICH0XYQRffrvrC7MFvVyr8p27zIaqZiVfwEJG5jE</recordid><startdate>20001227</startdate><enddate>20001227</enddate><creator>Magid, David J</creator><creator>Calonge, B. Ned</creator><creator>Rumsfeld, John S</creator><creator>Canto, John G</creator><creator>Frederick, Paul D</creator><creator>Every, Nathan R</creator><creator>Barron, Hal V</creator><creator>for the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 and 3 Investigators</creator><general>American Medical Association</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20001227</creationdate><title>Relation Between Hospital Primary Angioplasty Volume and Mortality for Patients With Acute MI Treated With Primary Angioplasty vs Thrombolytic Therapy</title><author>Magid, David J ; Calonge, B. Ned ; Rumsfeld, John S ; Canto, John G ; Frederick, Paul D ; Every, Nathan R ; Barron, Hal V ; for the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 and 3 Investigators</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a327t-54fe5a145ffccc98146297d067ccf21c223a1c558248ac6464376fc2c8c58cc03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2000</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Angioplasty</topic><topic>Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary - statistics &amp; numerical data</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cardiology</topic><topic>Cardiology Service, Hospital - standards</topic><topic>Cardiology Service, Hospital - statistics &amp; numerical data</topic><topic>Cardiology. Vascular system</topic><topic>Clinical outcomes</topic><topic>Coronary heart disease</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Heart</topic><topic>Heart attacks</topic><topic>Hospital Mortality</topic><topic>Hospitals - standards</topic><topic>Hospitals - statistics &amp; numerical data</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Myocardial Infarction - mortality</topic><topic>Myocardial Infarction - therapy</topic><topic>Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Surgery Department, Hospital - standards</topic><topic>Surgery Department, Hospital - statistics &amp; numerical data</topic><topic>Thrombolytic Therapy - statistics &amp; numerical data</topic><topic>United States - epidemiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Magid, David J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Calonge, B. Ned</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rumsfeld, John S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Canto, John G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Frederick, Paul D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Every, Nathan R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barron, Hal V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>for the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 and 3 Investigators</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 and 3 Investigators</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium &amp; Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Magid, David J</au><au>Calonge, B. Ned</au><au>Rumsfeld, John S</au><au>Canto, John G</au><au>Frederick, Paul D</au><au>Every, Nathan R</au><au>Barron, Hal V</au><au>for the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 and 3 Investigators</au><aucorp>National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 and 3 Investigators</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Relation Between Hospital Primary Angioplasty Volume and Mortality for Patients With Acute MI Treated With Primary Angioplasty vs Thrombolytic Therapy</atitle><jtitle>JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association</jtitle><addtitle>JAMA</addtitle><date>2000-12-27</date><risdate>2000</risdate><volume>284</volume><issue>24</issue><spage>3131</spage><epage>3138</epage><pages>3131-3138</pages><issn>0098-7484</issn><eissn>1538-3598</eissn><coden>JAMAAP</coden><abstract>CONTEXT Institutional experience with primary angioplasty has been suggested as a factor in selecting a reperfusion strategy for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, no large studies have directly compared outcomes of primary angioplasty vs thrombolytic therapy as a function of institutional experience. OBJECTIVE To compare outcomes among patients with AMI who were treated with primary angioplasty vs thrombolytic therapy at hospitals with different volumes of primary angioplasty. DESIGN Retrospective cohort. SETTING A total of 446 acute care hospitals with 112 classified as low volume (≤16 procedures), 223 as intermediate volume (17-48 procedures), and 111 as high volume (≥49 procedures) based on their annual primary angioplasty volume. PATIENTS A total of 62 299 patients with AMI treated with primary angioplasty or thrombolytic therapy from June 1, 1994, through July 31, 1999. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE In-hospital mortality. RESULTS Mortality was lower among patients who received primary angioplasty compared with those who received thrombolysis at hospitals with intermediate volumes (4.5% vs 5.9%; P&lt;.001) and high volumes (3.4% vs 5.4%; P&lt;.001) of primary angioplasty. At low-volume hospitals, there was no significant difference in mortality between patients treated with primary angioplasty vs those treated with thrombolysis (6.2% vs 5.9%; P = .58). Adjusting for differences in demographic, medical history, clinical presentation, treatment, and hospital characteristics did not significantly alter these findings. CONCLUSIONS In this study, patients with AMI treated at hospitals with high or intermediate volumes of primary angioplasty had lower mortality with primary angioplasty than with thrombolysis, whereas patients with AMI treated at hospitals with low angioplasty volumes had similar mortality outcomes with primary angioplasty or thrombolysis.</abstract><cop>Chicago, IL</cop><pub>American Medical Association</pub><pmid>11135776</pmid><doi>10.1001/jama.284.24.3131</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0098-7484
ispartof JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association, 2000-12, Vol.284 (24), p.3131-3138
issn 0098-7484
1538-3598
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_72473995
source MEDLINE; American Medical Association Journals
subjects Aged
Angioplasty
Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary - statistics & numerical data
Biological and medical sciences
Cardiology
Cardiology Service, Hospital - standards
Cardiology Service, Hospital - statistics & numerical data
Cardiology. Vascular system
Clinical outcomes
Coronary heart disease
Female
Heart
Heart attacks
Hospital Mortality
Hospitals - standards
Hospitals - statistics & numerical data
Humans
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Mortality
Myocardial Infarction - mortality
Myocardial Infarction - therapy
Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)
Retrospective Studies
Surgery Department, Hospital - standards
Surgery Department, Hospital - statistics & numerical data
Thrombolytic Therapy - statistics & numerical data
United States - epidemiology
title Relation Between Hospital Primary Angioplasty Volume and Mortality for Patients With Acute MI Treated With Primary Angioplasty vs Thrombolytic Therapy
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-08T22%3A21%3A02IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Relation%20Between%20Hospital%20Primary%20Angioplasty%20Volume%20and%20Mortality%20for%20Patients%20With%20Acute%20MI%20Treated%20With%20Primary%20Angioplasty%20vs%20Thrombolytic%20Therapy&rft.jtitle=JAMA%20:%20the%20journal%20of%20the%20American%20Medical%20Association&rft.au=Magid,%20David%20J&rft.aucorp=National%20Registry%20of%20Myocardial%20Infarction%202%20and%203%20Investigators&rft.date=2000-12-27&rft.volume=284&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=3131&rft.epage=3138&rft.pages=3131-3138&rft.issn=0098-7484&rft.eissn=1538-3598&rft.coden=JAMAAP&rft_id=info:doi/10.1001/jama.284.24.3131&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E72473995%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=211351665&rft_id=info:pmid/11135776&rft_ama_id=193408&rfr_iscdi=true