Muscle Biopsy and the Clinical Course of Infantile Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Eight infants with severe early infantile spinal muscular atrophy diagnosed by clinical presentation and muscle biopsy were studied. The extent of alterations in muscle histology, histochemistry, and ultrastructure did not reflect the relative severity of the clinical presentation or the course of the illness. In seven biopsies, ultrastructural studies demonstrated empty sleeves of basal lamina projecting from the surface of small myofibers. We conclude that severe infantile spinal muscular atrophy often results in myofiber atrophy similar to that found in other motor neuron diseases, and it is not solely a hypotrophic process. Muscle biopsy findings are important because they help to establish the diagnosis, but they do not help predict the severity of disease among infants with this condition. (J Child Neurol 1991;6:324-328).