Role of Topical Steroids in Reducing Dysfunction After Nerve Injury

Objective To determine the efficacy of topical dexamethasone in reducing nerve dysfunction after axonotmesis injury. Study Design A three‐armed, blinded study including sham, control, and test groups was designed using the rat sciatic nerve crush injury model. Methods Twenty‐two rats were randomly assigned to a control group or a topical steroid group. A standardized sciatic nerve crush injury was performed under sterile conditions on each animal. A separate group of five rats underwent a sham operation to isolate the crush injury as the source of postoperative dysfunction in the control and steroid groups. All animals underwent walking track analysis with calculation of the sciatic functional index (SFI) before surgery and through the postoperative recovery period. Dexamethasone saturated Gelfoam was placed at the site of injury in the topical steroid group. The functional performance of each group was compared throughout the recovery period. Results No morbidity associated with topical application of steroids at the injury site was noted. The topical steroid group had improved recovery at postoperative days 14, 18, and 22. This difference was statistically significant at day 14. At the termination of the study, there was a clear trend toward superior recovery for the steroid group compared with controls (90% vs. 73%), but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions Clinical use of topical steroids to reduce postoperative nerve dysfunction warrants further study.