Managing tough and easy organizational cultures

Some organizations have cultures which are tough on members while others are easy. A tough culture would be expected to be out of touch with the values of its members and suppress value conflicts. An easy culture would be expected to be sensitive to the values of its members and deal with value conflict openly. The importance of value dynamics and transactions is discussed as the basic condition for toughness and easiness. The management of members who feel victimized by organizational values and perceptions is also discussed. Strategies for sustaining value relationships and value fulfillment in organizations undergoing change are presented.