Targeting the Function of Mature Dendritic Cells by Human Cytomegalovirus: A Multilayered Viral Defense Strategy

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can suppress and evade the immune system. We have identified as a mechanism the ability of HCMV to infect dendritic cells (DC), which initiate the antiviral immune response. HCMV-infected DC show enhanced expression of costimulatory molecules. In contrast, MHC molecules...

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Veröffentlicht in:Immunity (Cambridge, Mass.) Mass.), 2001-12, Vol.15 (6), p.997-1009
Hauptverfasser: Raftery, Martin J., Schwab, Marina, Eibert, Sybille M., Samstag, Yvonne, Walczak, Henning, Schönrich, Günther
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can suppress and evade the immune system. We have identified as a mechanism the ability of HCMV to infect dendritic cells (DC), which initiate the antiviral immune response. HCMV-infected DC show enhanced expression of costimulatory molecules. In contrast, MHC molecules are partially downregulated, leading to a reduced antigen-presenting capacity. Moreover, the apoptosis-inducing ligands CD95L (FasL) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) are upregulated, thereby enabling HCMV-infected DC to delete activated T lymphocytes. This additional layer of viral defense is complemented by nondeletional mechanisms, which suppress surviving T cells. Thus, infection of DC allows the virus to blunt the antiviral T cell response by a multilayered defense strategy and could play a pivotal role in HCMV-triggered immunosuppression.
ISSN:1074-7613
1097-4180
DOI:10.1016/S1074-7613(01)00239-4