Loss of B7.2 (CD86) and Intracellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (CD54) Expression Is Associated with Decreased Tumor-infiltrating T Lymphocytes in Diffuse B-cell Large-cell Lymphoma

Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-lymphocytes (T-TILs) are thought to be relevant to immunosurveillance of several tumor types including B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. B- and T-lymphocyte interactions via cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs), recognition molecules (HLAs), and costimulatory molecules (CSMs) are necessary for optimal antigen-specific T-cell activation to occur and may be important in generating effective host T-TIL responses. We previously found that low T-TIL response (CD8+ T cells < 6%) correlates with statistically shorter relapse-free survival in patients with diffuse large-cell lymphoma (DLCL). We now extend our observations in 71 DLCL patients by analyzing malignant B-cell expression of the following molecules important in T-cell activation: ( a ) recognition molecules [MHC I (MAS and MCA) and MHC II (HLA-DR, -DP, -DQ)]; ( b ) CAMs [leukocyte function antigen 1 (CD11a and CD18) and intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (CD54)]; and ( c ) CSMs [B7.1 (CD80) and B7.2 (CD86)]. Eighteen patients (25%) had low a T-TIL response, and 53 patients (75%) had a high T-TIL response. Overall, expression of the MHC class II molecules HLA-DR and HLA-DQ was most conserved. The loss of B7.2 ( P = 0.04), intracellular adhesion molecule 1 ( P = 0.0004), MAS ( P = 0.02), and HLA-DR ( P = 0.0004) expression was significantly associated with decreased T-TIL response. In 100% of patients with low T-TIL responses, at least one HLA, CAM, or CSM was undetectable on the malignant B cells by immunohistochemical staining (mean number of molecules lost = 2.67). In contrast, 49% of patients with high T-TIL responses had no losses in HLA, CAM, or CSM expression (mean number of molecules lost = 0.89). The mean number of absent molecules (HLA, CAM, or CSM) was significantly associated with T-TIL response ( P = 0.0001). We conclude that loss of HLA, CAM, or CSM expression on malignant B cells is associated with a poor host T-cell immune response. In addition, because patients with low T-TIL response had lost expression of multiple cellular adhesion, recognition, and costimulatory molecules, our results suggest that a combination of immunorestorative therapies may be required to generate effective antitumor T-cell responses in B-cell DLCL.