Anaesthesia with midazolam and S-(+)-ketamine in spontaneously breathing paediatric patients during magnetic resonance imaging

We evaluated safety and efficacy of a sedation technique based on rectal and intravenous S‐(+)‐ketamine and midazolam to achieve immobilization during Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Thirty‐four paediatric patients were randomly assigned to undergo either the sedation protocol (study group) or general anaesthesia (control group). Imaging was successfully completed in all children. Children in the study group received a rectal bolus (0.5 mg·kg−1 midazolam and 5 mg·kg–1 S‐(+)‐ketamine) and required additional i.v. supplementation (20 ± 10 μg·kg–1·min–1 S‐(+)‐ketamine and 4 ± 2 μg· kg−1· min−1 midazolam), spontaneous ventilation was maintained. Transient desaturation occurred once during sedation and four times in the control group (P=0.34). P ECO2 was 5.3 ± 0.5 kPa (40 ± 4 mmHg) in the study group and 4.1 ± 0.6 kPa (31 ± 5 mmHg) in the control group (P