The prevalence of polycystic ovaries in women with a history of gestational diabetes

OBJECTIVE Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) both demonstrate abnormalities in insulin action and secretion, and both are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. To determine whether these similarities reflect a common pathophysiological basis, we examined the prevalence of ultrasound‐based polycystic ovarian morphology in a large multiethnic group of women with a history of GDM and a group of women who had normal glucose tolerance during pregnancy. PATIENTS AND DESIGN We studied 91 women with previous GDM (48 European, 20 South Asian, 10 Afro‐Caribbean and 13 of other or mixed ethnicity) and 73 normoglycaemic control women (56 European, one South Asian, 14 Afro‐Caribbean and two of other or mixed ethnicity), a median (interquartile range) of 20 (11–36) and 29 (17–49) months postpartum, respectively. A detailed history was taken, and the prevalence of PCO morphology on ultrasound scan was assessed. Fasting lipids, insulin, glucose status, gonadotrophins and testosterone were measured. Estimates of β‐cell function (%B) and insulin sensitivity (%S) were derived using the HOMA algorithm. RESULTS Women with previous GDM had higher fasting glucose (5.4 (4.8–6.0) vs. 4.7 (4.4–5.0) mmol/l, P