Production of an Anti-Prostate-Specific Antigen Single-Chain Antibody Fragment from Pichia pastoris

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a widely used marker for screening and monitoring prostate cancer. Because PSA levels are normally quite low, an antibody-based assay must be used to detect PSA. However, not all PSA-specific antibodies bind equally well to PSA or to its different isoforms. Therefore, a better understanding of how PSA interacts with PSA-specific antibodies is of considerable clinical interest. B80.3 is a widely used murine monoclonal anti-PSA antibody (IgG), which has very high affinity for both free and α-anti-chymotrypsin complexed PSA. More importantly, its gene sequence is known—making it one of only two anti-PSA antibodies that has been fully cloned and sequenced. To better elucidate the interaction between PSA and B80.3, a single-chain antibody fragment, derived from the variable domain of B80.3 (scFvB80), was cloned into a pPIC9 vector and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The secreted protein was purified using a three-step protocol beginning with a 50% ammonium sulfate precipitation step, followed by a T-gel thio-affinity step and concluding with a simple anion-exchange (DE52) filtration step. NMR studies indicate the protein is correctly folded while competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays show that the purified scFvB80 has approximately 20% of the activity of the full-length B80.3 antibody. The protocol described here provides a quick and convenient route to prepare large quantities of very pure anti-PSA antibody fragments (15–20 mg/L culture medium) for detailed structural and biophysical characterization.