Insulin resistance in clomiphene responders and non-responders with polycystic ovarian disease and therapeutic effects of metformin

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical features, endocrine and metabolic profiles in clomiphene (CC) responders and non-responders with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD), and to examine the effects of metformin (MTF) on the above parameters of CC resistance. Methods: A prospective clinical trial was undertaken at the infertility division of a university teaching hospital. Forty-one CC responders were selected and their hormonal and clinical features were determined. Forty-one CC-resistant PCOD women were also selected and clinical features; metabolic and hormonal profiles before and after treatment with MTF 1500 mg/day for 6–8 weeks were evaluated. Women who failed to conceive were treated by CC while continuing to take MTF. Results: CC responders had higher insulin levels while non-responders were hyperinsulinemic. Menstrual irregularities improved in 30%. Mean±S.D. area under curve of insulin decreased from 297.58±191.33 to 206±0.1 mIU/ml per min ( P=0.005). Only 39.39% ovulated and 24.24% conceived. Conclusion: PCOD is associated with insulin resistance (IR) particularly in CC-resistant women. Insulin resistance and androgen levels are significantly higher in obese patients. MTF therapy improved hyperandrogenemia, IR, and pregnancy rate.