Fibroblast growth factor-2 induces osteoblast survival through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent, -β-catenin-independent signaling pathway

Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is an important molecule that controls bone formation through activation of osteoblastic cell replication and differentiation. The role of FGF-2 on human osteoblast survival and the signaling pathway that mediates its effect are not known. We studied the effect of FGF-2 on apoptosis induced by low serum concentration and the signal transduction pathway involved in this effect in human primary calvaria osteoblasts and immortalized osteoblastic cells. Treatment with FGF-2 for 24–48 h protected against osteoblast apoptosis induced by low serum concentration, through specific inhibition of caspase-2 and caspase-3 activity. Pharmacological inhibition of MEK-1 and p38 MAPK had no effect on the inhibition of caspases-2 and -3 induced by FGF-2. In contrast, inhibition of PI3K with LY294002 abolished the FGF-2-induced inhibition of caspases-2 and -3. FGF-2 increased PI3K activity but did not induce phosphorylation of Akt or the downstream effector p70 S6 kinase. FGF-2 also induced GSK-3α and β phosphorylation in osteoblastic cells, which however did not result in β-catenin accumulation or Lef/Tcf transcriptional activity. In contrast, lithium induced β-catenin accumulation, Lef/Tcf transcriptional activation and increased caspase-2 and -3 activity. The results indicate that the immediate protective effect of FGF-2 on human osteoblastic cell apoptosis involves PI3K and inhibition of downstream caspases, independently of GSK-3 and β-catenin-Lef/Tcf-mediated transcription.