Hand-Rubbing With an Aqueous Alcoholic Solution vs Traditional Surgical Hand-Scrubbing and 30-Day Surgical Site Infection Rates: A Randomized Equivalence Study
CONTEXT Surgical site infections prolong hospital stays, are among the leading nosocomial causes of morbidity, and a source of excess medical costs. Clinical studies comparing the risk of nosocomial infection after different hand antisepsis protocols are scarce. OBJECTIVE To compare the effectivenes...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association 2002-08, Vol.288 (6), p.722-727 |
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| creator | Parienti, Jean Jacques Thibon, Pascal Heller, Remy Le Roux, Yannick von Theobald, Peter Bensadoun, Hervé Bouvet, Alain Lemarchand, François Le Coutour, Xavier for Members of the Antisepsie Chirurgicale des Mains Study Group |
| description | CONTEXT Surgical site infections prolong hospital stays, are among the leading
nosocomial causes of morbidity, and a source of excess medical costs. Clinical
studies comparing the risk of nosocomial infection after different hand antisepsis
protocols are scarce. OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of hand-cleansing protocols in preventing
surgical site infections during routine surgical practice. DESIGN Randomized equivalence trial. SETTING Six surgical services from teaching and nonteaching hospitals in France. PATIENTS A total of 4387 consecutive patients who underwent clean and clean-contaminated
surgery between January 1, 2000, and May 1, 2001. INTERVENTIONS Surgical services used 2 hand-cleansing methods alternately every other
month: a hand-rubbing protocol with 75% aqueous alcoholic solution containing
propanol-1, propanol-2, and mecetronium etilsulfate; and a hand-scrubbing
protocol with antiseptic preparation containing 4% povidone iodine or 4% chlorhexidine
gluconate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Thirty-day surgical site infection rates were the primary end point;
operating department teams' tolerance of and compliance with hand antisepsis
were secondary end points. RESULTS The 2 protocols were comparable in regard to surgical site infection
risk factors. Surgical site infection rates were 55 of 2252 (2.44%) in the
hand-rubbing protocol and 53 of 2135 (2.48%) in the hand-scrubbing protocol,
for a difference of 0.04% (95% confidence interval, −0.88% to 0.96%).
Based on subsets of personnel, compliance with the recommended duration of
hand antisepsis was better in the hand-rubbing protocol of the study compared
with the hand-scrubbing protocol (44% vs 28%, respectively; P = .008), as was tolerance, with less skin dryness and less skin irritation
after aqueous solution use. CONCLUSIONS Hand-rubbing with aqueous alcoholic solution, preceded by a 1-minute
nonantiseptic hand wash before each surgeon's first procedure of the day and
before any other procedure if the hands were soiled, was as effective as traditional
hand-scrubbing with antiseptic soap in preventing surgical site infections.
The hand-rubbing protocol was better tolerated by the surgical teams and improved
compliance with hygiene guidelines. Hand-rubbing with liquid aqueous alcoholic
solution can thus be safely used as an alternative to traditional surgical
hand-scrubbing. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1001/jama.288.6.722 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_71993092</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><ama_id>195187</ama_id><sourcerecordid>71993092</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-a322t-6fb9d7d70852acfdd6d3c0f01c42410b7e9c00cd0d1c45263ea7ce0d574f12223</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkV1L5DAUhsOirKO7twt7I0HQu86eJG2TeDe4foGwYF32sqRJqhnaVJtGmP0z_lUzOjLguTlfDy-c9yD0g8CcAJBfS9WrORViXs45pV_QjBRMZKyQYgfNAKTIeC7yPbQfwhJSEMa_oj1CSSmBlzP0cqW8yW5j0zh_j_-56QErjxdP0Q4x4EWnh4ehcxpXQxcnN3j8HPDdqIxbN6rDVRzvnU7Fm06lx41S6jCD7LdabZHKTRZf-9bqN6VbNdlwihep8Gbo3X9r8PlTdM-qs15bXE3RrL6h3VZ1wX7f5AP09-L87uwqu_lzeX22uMkUo3TKyraRhhsOoqBKt8aUhmlogeic5gQabqUG0AZMmhS0ZFZxbcEUPG8JpZQdoJN33cdxSMeHqe5d0LbrlF87UXMiJQO5Bo8-gcshjsmKUFNCWFmIXCTocAPFpremfhxdr8ZV_eF7Ao43gArJmnZUXruw5ZjI80KwxP1859Kbt1tZEMHZK4Sumr0</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>211365848</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Hand-Rubbing With an Aqueous Alcoholic Solution vs Traditional Surgical Hand-Scrubbing and 30-Day Surgical Site Infection Rates: A Randomized Equivalence Study</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>American Medical Association Journals</source><creator>Parienti, Jean Jacques ; Thibon, Pascal ; Heller, Remy ; Le Roux, Yannick ; von Theobald, Peter ; Bensadoun, Hervé ; Bouvet, Alain ; Lemarchand, François ; Le Coutour, Xavier ; for Members of the Antisepsie Chirurgicale des Mains Study Group</creator><creatorcontrib>Parienti, Jean Jacques ; Thibon, Pascal ; Heller, Remy ; Le Roux, Yannick ; von Theobald, Peter ; Bensadoun, Hervé ; Bouvet, Alain ; Lemarchand, François ; Le Coutour, Xavier ; for Members of the Antisepsie Chirurgicale des Mains Study Group ; Antisepsie Chirurgicale des mains Study Group</creatorcontrib><description>CONTEXT Surgical site infections prolong hospital stays, are among the leading
nosocomial causes of morbidity, and a source of excess medical costs. Clinical
studies comparing the risk of nosocomial infection after different hand antisepsis
protocols are scarce. OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of hand-cleansing protocols in preventing
surgical site infections during routine surgical practice. DESIGN Randomized equivalence trial. SETTING Six surgical services from teaching and nonteaching hospitals in France. PATIENTS A total of 4387 consecutive patients who underwent clean and clean-contaminated
surgery between January 1, 2000, and May 1, 2001. INTERVENTIONS Surgical services used 2 hand-cleansing methods alternately every other
month: a hand-rubbing protocol with 75% aqueous alcoholic solution containing
propanol-1, propanol-2, and mecetronium etilsulfate; and a hand-scrubbing
protocol with antiseptic preparation containing 4% povidone iodine or 4% chlorhexidine
gluconate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Thirty-day surgical site infection rates were the primary end point;
operating department teams' tolerance of and compliance with hand antisepsis
were secondary end points. RESULTS The 2 protocols were comparable in regard to surgical site infection
risk factors. Surgical site infection rates were 55 of 2252 (2.44%) in the
hand-rubbing protocol and 53 of 2135 (2.48%) in the hand-scrubbing protocol,
for a difference of 0.04% (95% confidence interval, −0.88% to 0.96%).
Based on subsets of personnel, compliance with the recommended duration of
hand antisepsis was better in the hand-rubbing protocol of the study compared
with the hand-scrubbing protocol (44% vs 28%, respectively; P = .008), as was tolerance, with less skin dryness and less skin irritation
after aqueous solution use. CONCLUSIONS Hand-rubbing with aqueous alcoholic solution, preceded by a 1-minute
nonantiseptic hand wash before each surgeon's first procedure of the day and
before any other procedure if the hands were soiled, was as effective as traditional
hand-scrubbing with antiseptic soap in preventing surgical site infections.
The hand-rubbing protocol was better tolerated by the surgical teams and improved
compliance with hygiene guidelines. Hand-rubbing with liquid aqueous alcoholic
solution can thus be safely used as an alternative to traditional surgical
hand-scrubbing.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0098-7484</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1538-3598</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1001/jama.288.6.722</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12169076</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JAMAAP</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chicago, IL: American Medical Association</publisher><subject>Alcohol ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local - administration & dosage ; Antisepsis - methods ; Biological and medical sciences ; Comparative studies ; Cross Infection - epidemiology ; Cross Infection - prevention & control ; Cross-Over Studies ; General aspects ; Hand Disinfection - methods ; Hands ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Infections ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Planification. Prevention (methods). Intervention. Evaluation ; Propanols - administration & dosage ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; Sterilization ; Surgery ; Surgical Wound Infection - epidemiology ; Surgical Wound Infection - prevention & control</subject><ispartof>JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association, 2002-08, Vol.288 (6), p.722-727</ispartof><rights>2002 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Medical Association Aug 14, 2002</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/10.1001/jama.288.6.722$$EPDF$$P50$$Gama$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.288.6.722$$EHTML$$P50$$Gama$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>64,314,776,780,3327,27901,27902,76232,76235</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=13844583$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169076$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Parienti, Jean Jacques</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thibon, Pascal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heller, Remy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Le Roux, Yannick</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>von Theobald, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bensadoun, Hervé</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bouvet, Alain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lemarchand, François</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Le Coutour, Xavier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>for Members of the Antisepsie Chirurgicale des Mains Study Group</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Antisepsie Chirurgicale des mains Study Group</creatorcontrib><title>Hand-Rubbing With an Aqueous Alcoholic Solution vs Traditional Surgical Hand-Scrubbing and 30-Day Surgical Site Infection Rates: A Randomized Equivalence Study</title><title>JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association</title><addtitle>JAMA</addtitle><description>CONTEXT Surgical site infections prolong hospital stays, are among the leading
nosocomial causes of morbidity, and a source of excess medical costs. Clinical
studies comparing the risk of nosocomial infection after different hand antisepsis
protocols are scarce. OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of hand-cleansing protocols in preventing
surgical site infections during routine surgical practice. DESIGN Randomized equivalence trial. SETTING Six surgical services from teaching and nonteaching hospitals in France. PATIENTS A total of 4387 consecutive patients who underwent clean and clean-contaminated
surgery between January 1, 2000, and May 1, 2001. INTERVENTIONS Surgical services used 2 hand-cleansing methods alternately every other
month: a hand-rubbing protocol with 75% aqueous alcoholic solution containing
propanol-1, propanol-2, and mecetronium etilsulfate; and a hand-scrubbing
protocol with antiseptic preparation containing 4% povidone iodine or 4% chlorhexidine
gluconate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Thirty-day surgical site infection rates were the primary end point;
operating department teams' tolerance of and compliance with hand antisepsis
were secondary end points. RESULTS The 2 protocols were comparable in regard to surgical site infection
risk factors. Surgical site infection rates were 55 of 2252 (2.44%) in the
hand-rubbing protocol and 53 of 2135 (2.48%) in the hand-scrubbing protocol,
for a difference of 0.04% (95% confidence interval, −0.88% to 0.96%).
Based on subsets of personnel, compliance with the recommended duration of
hand antisepsis was better in the hand-rubbing protocol of the study compared
with the hand-scrubbing protocol (44% vs 28%, respectively; P = .008), as was tolerance, with less skin dryness and less skin irritation
after aqueous solution use. CONCLUSIONS Hand-rubbing with aqueous alcoholic solution, preceded by a 1-minute
nonantiseptic hand wash before each surgeon's first procedure of the day and
before any other procedure if the hands were soiled, was as effective as traditional
hand-scrubbing with antiseptic soap in preventing surgical site infections.
The hand-rubbing protocol was better tolerated by the surgical teams and improved
compliance with hygiene guidelines. Hand-rubbing with liquid aqueous alcoholic
solution can thus be safely used as an alternative to traditional surgical
hand-scrubbing.</description><subject>Alcohol</subject><subject>Anti-Infective Agents, Local - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Antisepsis - methods</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Comparative studies</subject><subject>Cross Infection - epidemiology</subject><subject>Cross Infection - prevention & control</subject><subject>Cross-Over Studies</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Hand Disinfection - methods</subject><subject>Hands</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hygiene</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Planification. Prevention (methods). Intervention. Evaluation</subject><subject>Propanols - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</subject><subject>Sterilization</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>Surgical Wound Infection - epidemiology</subject><subject>Surgical Wound Infection - prevention & control</subject><issn>0098-7484</issn><issn>1538-3598</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkV1L5DAUhsOirKO7twt7I0HQu86eJG2TeDe4foGwYF32sqRJqhnaVJtGmP0z_lUzOjLguTlfDy-c9yD0g8CcAJBfS9WrORViXs45pV_QjBRMZKyQYgfNAKTIeC7yPbQfwhJSEMa_oj1CSSmBlzP0cqW8yW5j0zh_j_-56QErjxdP0Q4x4EWnh4ehcxpXQxcnN3j8HPDdqIxbN6rDVRzvnU7Fm06lx41S6jCD7LdabZHKTRZf-9bqN6VbNdlwihep8Gbo3X9r8PlTdM-qs15bXE3RrL6h3VZ1wX7f5AP09-L87uwqu_lzeX22uMkUo3TKyraRhhsOoqBKt8aUhmlogeic5gQabqUG0AZMmhS0ZFZxbcEUPG8JpZQdoJN33cdxSMeHqe5d0LbrlF87UXMiJQO5Bo8-gcshjsmKUFNCWFmIXCTocAPFpremfhxdr8ZV_eF7Ao43gArJmnZUXruw5ZjI80KwxP1859Kbt1tZEMHZK4Sumr0</recordid><startdate>20020814</startdate><enddate>20020814</enddate><creator>Parienti, Jean Jacques</creator><creator>Thibon, Pascal</creator><creator>Heller, Remy</creator><creator>Le Roux, Yannick</creator><creator>von Theobald, Peter</creator><creator>Bensadoun, Hervé</creator><creator>Bouvet, Alain</creator><creator>Lemarchand, François</creator><creator>Le Coutour, Xavier</creator><creator>for Members of the Antisepsie Chirurgicale des Mains Study Group</creator><general>American Medical Association</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20020814</creationdate><title>Hand-Rubbing With an Aqueous Alcoholic Solution vs Traditional Surgical Hand-Scrubbing and 30-Day Surgical Site Infection Rates: A Randomized Equivalence Study</title><author>Parienti, Jean Jacques ; Thibon, Pascal ; Heller, Remy ; Le Roux, Yannick ; von Theobald, Peter ; Bensadoun, Hervé ; Bouvet, Alain ; Lemarchand, François ; Le Coutour, Xavier ; for Members of the Antisepsie Chirurgicale des Mains Study Group</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a322t-6fb9d7d70852acfdd6d3c0f01c42410b7e9c00cd0d1c45263ea7ce0d574f12223</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>Alcohol</topic><topic>Anti-Infective Agents, Local - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Antisepsis - methods</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Comparative studies</topic><topic>Cross Infection - epidemiology</topic><topic>Cross Infection - prevention & control</topic><topic>Cross-Over Studies</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Hand Disinfection - methods</topic><topic>Hands</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hygiene</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Planification. Prevention (methods). Intervention. Evaluation</topic><topic>Propanols - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</topic><topic>Sterilization</topic><topic>Surgery</topic><topic>Surgical Wound Infection - epidemiology</topic><topic>Surgical Wound Infection - prevention & control</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Parienti, Jean Jacques</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thibon, Pascal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heller, Remy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Le Roux, Yannick</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>von Theobald, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bensadoun, Hervé</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bouvet, Alain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lemarchand, François</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Le Coutour, Xavier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>for Members of the Antisepsie Chirurgicale des Mains Study Group</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Antisepsie Chirurgicale des mains Study Group</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Parienti, Jean Jacques</au><au>Thibon, Pascal</au><au>Heller, Remy</au><au>Le Roux, Yannick</au><au>von Theobald, Peter</au><au>Bensadoun, Hervé</au><au>Bouvet, Alain</au><au>Lemarchand, François</au><au>Le Coutour, Xavier</au><au>for Members of the Antisepsie Chirurgicale des Mains Study Group</au><aucorp>Antisepsie Chirurgicale des mains Study Group</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Hand-Rubbing With an Aqueous Alcoholic Solution vs Traditional Surgical Hand-Scrubbing and 30-Day Surgical Site Infection Rates: A Randomized Equivalence Study</atitle><jtitle>JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association</jtitle><addtitle>JAMA</addtitle><date>2002-08-14</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>288</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>722</spage><epage>727</epage><pages>722-727</pages><issn>0098-7484</issn><eissn>1538-3598</eissn><coden>JAMAAP</coden><abstract>CONTEXT Surgical site infections prolong hospital stays, are among the leading
nosocomial causes of morbidity, and a source of excess medical costs. Clinical
studies comparing the risk of nosocomial infection after different hand antisepsis
protocols are scarce. OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of hand-cleansing protocols in preventing
surgical site infections during routine surgical practice. DESIGN Randomized equivalence trial. SETTING Six surgical services from teaching and nonteaching hospitals in France. PATIENTS A total of 4387 consecutive patients who underwent clean and clean-contaminated
surgery between January 1, 2000, and May 1, 2001. INTERVENTIONS Surgical services used 2 hand-cleansing methods alternately every other
month: a hand-rubbing protocol with 75% aqueous alcoholic solution containing
propanol-1, propanol-2, and mecetronium etilsulfate; and a hand-scrubbing
protocol with antiseptic preparation containing 4% povidone iodine or 4% chlorhexidine
gluconate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Thirty-day surgical site infection rates were the primary end point;
operating department teams' tolerance of and compliance with hand antisepsis
were secondary end points. RESULTS The 2 protocols were comparable in regard to surgical site infection
risk factors. Surgical site infection rates were 55 of 2252 (2.44%) in the
hand-rubbing protocol and 53 of 2135 (2.48%) in the hand-scrubbing protocol,
for a difference of 0.04% (95% confidence interval, −0.88% to 0.96%).
Based on subsets of personnel, compliance with the recommended duration of
hand antisepsis was better in the hand-rubbing protocol of the study compared
with the hand-scrubbing protocol (44% vs 28%, respectively; P = .008), as was tolerance, with less skin dryness and less skin irritation
after aqueous solution use. CONCLUSIONS Hand-rubbing with aqueous alcoholic solution, preceded by a 1-minute
nonantiseptic hand wash before each surgeon's first procedure of the day and
before any other procedure if the hands were soiled, was as effective as traditional
hand-scrubbing with antiseptic soap in preventing surgical site infections.
The hand-rubbing protocol was better tolerated by the surgical teams and improved
compliance with hygiene guidelines. Hand-rubbing with liquid aqueous alcoholic
solution can thus be safely used as an alternative to traditional surgical
hand-scrubbing.</abstract><cop>Chicago, IL</cop><pub>American Medical Association</pub><pmid>12169076</pmid><doi>10.1001/jama.288.6.722</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0098-7484 |
| ispartof | JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association, 2002-08, Vol.288 (6), p.722-727 |
| issn | 0098-7484 1538-3598 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_71993092 |
| source | MEDLINE; American Medical Association Journals |
| subjects | Alcohol Anti-Infective Agents, Local - administration & dosage Antisepsis - methods Biological and medical sciences Comparative studies Cross Infection - epidemiology Cross Infection - prevention & control Cross-Over Studies General aspects Hand Disinfection - methods Hands Humans Hygiene Infections Medical sciences Middle Aged Planification. Prevention (methods). Intervention. Evaluation Propanols - administration & dosage Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Sterilization Surgery Surgical Wound Infection - epidemiology Surgical Wound Infection - prevention & control |
| title | Hand-Rubbing With an Aqueous Alcoholic Solution vs Traditional Surgical Hand-Scrubbing and 30-Day Surgical Site Infection Rates: A Randomized Equivalence Study |
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