Massive hematuria after cystoscopy in a patient with an internal iliac artery aneurysm

An unusual case is reported here of a patient with internal iliac artery aneurysm who developed massive hematuria after cystoscopic examination. A 75‐year‐old man presented with asymptomatic gross hematuria. Cystoscopic examination revealed that the bladder neck was congested and that the right‐side wall was being pressed on by an extrinsic mass. Computed tomography showed a right internal iliac artery aneurysm and tortuous perivesical vessels. Three days after the cystoscopic examination the patient suffered massive hematuria. Hemorrhage due to an arteriovesical or arterio‐ureteral fistula secondary to rupture of the internal iliac artery aneurysm was suspected, and an emergency operation was performed. At operation the aneurysm had not ruptured but overswelling perivesical vessels were found to have developed, and these fed a high blood flow to the bladder neck. In the present case cystoscopic examination injured the mucosa and led to massive hemorrhage from the bladder neck.