CAN: an example of nonclassical acoustic nonlinearity in solids

A new class of nonlinear acoustic phenomena has been observed for acoustic wave interaction with simulated and realistic nonbonded contact interfaces (cracked defects) in solids. “Nonclassical“ effects are due to substantially asymmetric stiffness characteristics of the interface for normal stress that results in specific contact acoustic nonlinearity (CAN). The asymmetry in the contact restoring forces causes the stiffness parametric modulation and instability of oscillations, which results in acoustic wave fractional subharmonic generation. The CAN subharmonics and higher harmonics reveal threshold dynamic behaviour, evident hysteresis, and instability effects.