Enhancement of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1—Specific CD4 and CD8 T Cell Responses in Chronically Infected Persons after Temporary Treatment Interruption

Immunologic and virologic outcomes of treatment interruption were compared for 5 chronically human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—infected persons who have maintained antiretroviral therapy—mediated virus suppression, as compared with 5 untreated controls. After a median interruption of 55 days of therapy accompanied by rebound of virus, reinitiated therapy in 4 of 5 subjects resulted in suppression of 98.86% of plasma virus load by 21–33 days and no significant decrease in CD4 T cell percentage from baseline. Increased T helper responses against HIV-1 p24 antigen (P = .014) and interferon-γ—secreting CD8 T cell responses against HIV-1 Env (P = .004) were present during interruption of therapy and after reinitiation of treatment. The remaining subject whose treatment was interrupted did not resume treatment and continued to have a low virus load (