Colorectal carcinoma: radiological diagnosis and staging

Colorectal carcinomas are the most common gastrointestinal tract tumors. 50–60% of the colorectal carcinomas originate in rectum and sigmoid colon. The new developments in imaging modalities have brought improvements in therapeutic aspects. The survival rates in these patients depend on the tumor penetration and the presence of regional lymph node or distant metastasis. The recurrence rates have decreased with the new operation techniques and preoperative radiotherapy, thus increasing the importance of accurate tumor staging. Double contrast barium enema studies enable the diagnosis while staging and follow-up is best done by topographic imaging techniques.