Controlled Sulfatation of Natural Anionic Bacterial Polysaccharides Can Yield Agents with Specific Regenerating Activity in Vivo

The regenerating activities of chemically modified anionic bacterial polysaccharides by O-sulfonation were investigated using a in vivo model of rat injured muscle regeneration. Glucuronan (GA), a linear homopolysaccharide of →4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→ residues partially acetylated at the C-3 and/or the C-2 position, and glucoglucuronan (GGA), a linear heteropolysaccharide of →3)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→ residues were sulfated. SO3-DMF sulfatation complex provided polysaccharides with different sulfur contents, however, a depolymerization occurred because we did not use large excess of pyridine to obtain pure modified polysaccharides. A regenerating activity on injured extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles on rats was obtained with these two sulfated anionic polymers. The position of sulfate groups on glucoglucuronan (primary or secondary alcohol) seems to have no influence on the biological activity by opposition to the degree of sulfatation both for the glucuronans and the glucoglucuronans. The yield of acetate groups in the glucuronan polymer modulated the specific activity.