Functional Cooperation among Ras, STAT5, and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Is Required for Full Oncogenic Activities of BCR/ABL in K562 Cells

BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase generated from the chromosomal translocation t(9;22) causes chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. To examine the roles of BCR/ABL-activated individual signaling molecules and their cooperation in leukemogenesis, we inducibly expressed a dominant negative (DN) form of Ras, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and STAT5 alone or in combination in p210 BCR/ABL-positive K562 cells. The inducibly expressed DN Ras (N17), STAT5 (694F), and DN phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (Δp85) inhibited the growth by 90, 55, and 40%, respectively. During the growth inhibition, the expression of cyclin D2 and cyclin D3 was suppressed by N17, 694F, or Δp85; that of cyclin E by N17; and that of cyclin A by Δp85. In addition, N17 induced apoptosis in a small proportion of K562, whereas 694F and Δp85 were hardly effective. In contrast, coexpression of two DN mutants in any combinations induced severe apoptosis. During these cultures, the expression of Bcl-2 was suppressed by N17, 694F, or Δp85, and that of Bcl-XL by N17. Furthermore, although K562 was resistant to interferon-α- and dexamethasone-induced apoptosis, disruption of one pathway by N17, 694F, or Δp85 sensitized K562 to these reagents. These results suggested that cooperation among these molecules is required for full leukemogenic activities of BCR/ABL.