Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 Gene Expression Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Gastric Carcinoma

Purpose: A low expression level of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p27 is associated with high aggressiveness and poor prognosis of various carcinomas. Human Cdk subunit 1 ( Cks1 ), as well as S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 ( Skp2 ), is an essential and specific factor in the p27 proteolysis by SCF Skp2 ubiquitin ligase. The purpose of this study is to clarify the clinical significance of Cks1 expression and the relationship between Cks1 and p27 expression in gastric carcinomas. Experimental Design: We measured Cks1 expression using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR in 76 human gastric carcinomas and p27 expression using immunohistochemistry in 28 cases. Moreover, we established Cks1- and/or Skp2-transfected gastric carcinoma cell lines and assessed the relationship between Cks1, Skp2, and p27 expression using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot analysis. Results: Cks1 high expression was correlated with poor prognosis ( P < 0.05) and Cks1 expression was inversely correlated with the expression level of p27 protein in gastric carcinomas ( P < 0.05). Using combined Skp2 data [T-a. Masuda, Cancer Res., 62: 3819–3825, 2002], 88.9% of the Cks1/Skp2 double-high cases expressed a low level of p27 protein and showed the poorest prognosis ( P < 0.05). Western blot analysis showed that Cks1/Skp2-cotransfected cells expressed a much lower level of p27 protein than the controls. Conclusions: These findings indicate that Cks1, as well as Skp2, regulates the expression level of p27 protein in gastric carcinomas. Cks1 could play an important role in gastric carcinoma progression and would be a novel target for the treatment of gastric carcinomas as well as a strong prognostic marker.