Brief report: breast-fed one-week-olds demonstrate superior neurobehavioral organization

Following studies conducted during the immediate newborn stage, we investigated whether one-week-olds' neurobehavioral functioning was differentiated by feeding method. We also examined whether feeding-method effects differed among infants of adolescent mothers. Participants were infants (N = 83) of breast-feeding (N = 41) and formula-feeding (N = 42) mothers. Approximately half of each group's participants had adolescent mothers and half were infants of adult mothers. Assessments on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (BNBAS) were conducted on the infants when they were 8.95 days of age. Breast-fed infants surpassed formula-fed infants on items of the orientation, motor, range of state, and state regulation dimensions of the BNBAS. Breast-fed infants also exhibited fewer abnormal reflexes, signs of depression, and withdrawal. Infants of adolescent mothers did not differ from those of adult mothers, regardless of feeding method. These data provide compelling evidence that breast-feeding is advantageous to neonates' neurobehavioral organization.