Development of an animal–human antibody complex for use as a control in ELISA

In order to provide the equivalent of a human anti-human protein antibody as positive control in ELISAs, a goat–human antibody complex was created using chemical cross-linking. The resulting hybrid complex had a larger molecular size on HPLC and SDS-PAGE. In ELISA, the goat–human complex bound to human antigen and was detectable by a secondary anti-human conjugate. The method to make the hybrid complex is simple, cost-effective and can be used to make human-like antibodies to many human proteins.