A cross-over evaluation of different methods and devices to measure blood pressure in type 1 diabetic patients with nephropathy

In type 1 diabetic patients with nephropathy, tight blood pressure control has been shown to prevent the progression of the disease. Up until now, self-monitoring, ambulatory and office blood pressure values have not been compared in these patients. Thus, we have evaluated blood pressure values obtained in the office by a physician and at home by self-monitoring with those measured under ambulatory conditions in these patients. Additionally, for blood pressure self-monitoring, three different devices (the sphygmomanometer, upper-arm oscillometer and wrist oscillometer) were compared. Twenty-one treated hypertensive type 1 diabetic patients [age 45+/-9 years, duration of diabetes 33+/-12 years (mean+/-SD)] with overt diabetic nephropathy participated in this study. At both baseline and the end of the study, daytime ambulatory blood pressure measurement was performed. Office blood pressure was measured at baseline. Additionally, all the patients measured their blood pressure over a 3-week period using each of the three different devices, in random order, for 1 week. The mean office blood pressure values (135+/-21/85+/-12mmHg) were higher than both the ambulatory (131+/-23/80+/-12, P