Evidence for Edg-3 receptor-mediated activation of I(K.ACh) by sphingosine-1-phosphate in human atrial cardiomyocytes

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP) and sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPPC) have been reported to activate muscarinic receptor-activated inward rectifier K(+) current (I(K.ACh)) in cultured guinea pig atrial myocytes with similar nanomolar potency. Members of the endothelial differentiation gene (Edg) receptor family were recently identified as receptors for SPP; however, these receptors respond only to micromolar concentrations of SPPC. Here we investigated the sphingolipid-induced activation of I(K.ACh) in freshly isolated guinea pig, mouse, and human atrial myocytes. SPP activated I(K.ACh) in atrial myocytes from all three species with a similar nanomolar potency (EC(50) values: 4-8 nM). At these low concentrations, SPPC also activated I(K.ACh) in guinea pig myocytes. In contrast, SPPC was almost ineffective in mouse and human myocytes, thus resembling the pharmacology of the Edg receptors. Transcripts of Edg-1, Edg-3, and Edg-5 were detected in human atrial cells. Moreover, activation of I(K.ACh) by SPP was blocked by the Edg-3-selective antagonist suramin, which did not affect basal or carbachol-stimulated K(+) currents. In conclusion, these data indicate that I(K.ACh) activation by SPP and SPPC exhibits large species differences. Furthermore, they suggest that SPP-induced I(K.ACh) activation in human atrial myocytes is mediated by the Edg-3 subtype of SPP receptors.