Characterization of antibody responses to annual influenza vaccination over four years in a healthy elderly population

The effects of yearly influenza immunization on the level of antibody responses were assessed in 92 healthy elderly subjects immunized over four contiguous years (1993–1996) with a trivalent influenza vaccine that included A/Texas annually. Anti-A/Texas antibodies increased significantly and similarly post-vaccination each year, but returned to comparable baseline levels annually. Percentages of subjects with anti-A/Texas titers ≥40 post-vaccination were comparable over four years. Importantly, post-vaccination titers ≥40 to A/Texas in 1993–1994 predicted anti-A/Texas titers ≥40 in subsequent years. Thirty percent of individuals produced four-fold rises to any vaccine component the first year it was included in the vaccine, however, this percentage decreased to about 10% after subsequent vaccination with the same component. This study clearly supports the concept that annual immunization with the same influenza vaccine component over multiple years does not significantly decrease antibody titers in a healthy elderly population.