Oscillatory cortical activity and movement-related potentials in proximal and distal movements

Objectives: Event-related desynchronization (ERD) of α- and β-rhythms, the post-movement β-synchronization and the cortical movement-related potentials were analyzed in distal (finger) and proximal (shoulder) movements. Methods: EEG was recorded in 7 healthy right-handed men using a 59-channel whole-head EEG system while subjects performed self-paced movements. Results: The amplitude of the Bereitschaftspotential (BP) was greater over the central midline area and smaller over the contralateral sensorimotor hand area in shoulder than in finger movements. The maximal α- and β-ERD was localized at parietal electrodes in shoulder movements and over the left and right sensorimotor hand area in finger movements. The post-movement β-ERS was greater in shoulder than in finger movements, especially at the electrode located 3.5 cm left of the central midline electrode. A significant correlation between the slope of the terminal portion of the BP (negative slope) and amplitude of the post-movement β-synchronization was observed in shoulder but not in finger movements. Conclusions: Enhancement of BP over the central midline electrode suggests increased activation of the supplementary motor area in proximal movements. The spatial distribution of the α- and β-ERD and of the post-movement β-ERS shows topographic differences which may refer to the somatotopic organization of the primary sensorimotor cortex with shoulder representation medial to hand and fingers. The correlation between the negative slope and the post-movement β-ERS in proximal movements supports the view that the brief post-movement inhibition over the motor cortical area is related to the pre-movement activation of that area.