Child protective services’ response to prenatal drug exposure: results from a nationwide survey

Objective: This survey was conducted to: (1) document child protective services (CPS) agencies’ actual practices regarding prenatal drug exposure; (2) examine urban and rural differences in CPS responses; (3) explore whether CPS practices varied as a function of county median income, birth rate, population size, or percent minority births; and (4) assess respondent satisfaction with their county’s current responses. Method: Data were collected via a nationwide telephone survey of child welfare supervisors from two urban and two rural counties in every state ( N = 200). Results: Ninety percent of counties (100% of urban and 80% of rural) reported receiving referrals of infants with prenatal drug exposure. Among those receiving referrals, extreme variations in practice were found; all possible response options (from very inactive to very aggressive) were equally represented on key questions (e.g., filing court petitions, taking custody). Rural counties tended to have stronger responses than urban counties ( t[175] = −2.26, p = .024). County response did not vary with county-level median family income, percent minority births, or birth rate. Despite wide variations in practice, the majority of respondents (69%) felt their county’s response was appropriate. Of respondents who did indicate that their county’s response was inappropriate, most (85%) felt that the county needed to do more to protect children. Conclusions: There is currently tremendous variation across US counties in CPS responses to, and beliefs regarding, the issue of prenatal drug exposure. Some of this variation is due to differences between urban and rural counties, with little variation explained by differences in median income or percent minority births at the county level. There is a need for research-based guidance and consensus building in CPS practice in this area. ÉSUMÉ Objectif: Cette étude a été menée pour (1) recueillir des données sur les pratiques actuelles des services des agences de protection de l’enfance (CPS) au sujet de l’exposition prénatale à la drogue; (2) examiner les différences des réponses des CPS en milieu urbain et rural; (3) explorer si les pratiques des CPS varient selon le revenu moyen dans un comté, le taux de natalité, l’importance de la population ou le pourcentage de naissances dans une minorité; et (4) évaluer la satisfaction des personnes interrogées par rapport à celle des réponses courantes du comté. Méthode: Les données ont été récoltées grâce à une enquê