Ultraviolet B-Induced Suppression of Immune Responses in Interleukin-4–/– Mice: Relationship to Dermal Mast Cells

Ultraviolet B radiation is immunosuppressive by multiple mechanisms. In interleukin-4–/– mice, ultraviolet B radiation was not able to suppress delayed-type hypersensitivity or contact hypersensitivity responses when the sensitizing antigen was applied to nonirradiated sites. In contrast, ultraviolet B significantly suppressed contact hypersensitivity responses to haptens applied to irradiated sites in interleukin-4–/– mice. In mast cell depleted Wf/Wf mice, ultraviolet B radiation also significantly suppressed contact hypersensitivity responses to sensitizing antigens applied to irradiated but not to unirradiated sites. In both interleukin-4–/– mice and Wf/Wf mice, the mast cell product, histamine, was immunosuppressive implicating mast cells as the dysfunctional cell in interleukin-4–/– mice. The prevalence of dermal mast cells was similar in wild-type and interleukin-4–/– mice. Dermal mast cells of interleukin-4–/– mice, however, express very low levels of c-kit and did not significantly degranulate in response to ultraviolet B. Ultraviolet radiation induced significant and similar levels of serum interleukin-10 in wild-type and interleukin-4–/– mice. We conclude that interleukin-4 indirectly affects ultraviolet B suppression of contact hypersensitivity and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to sensitizing antigens applied at sites other than those irradiated by providing a critical differentiative signal for dermal mast cells. This study further emphasizes the central role of mast cells in the initial processes by which ultraviolet B radiation is immunomodulatory for immune responses to sensitizing antigens applied to nonirradiated sites.