HIV Lipodystrophy: Review of the Syndrome and Report of a Case Treated with Liposuction

Background. A syndrome characterized by loss of fat on the face and limbs, localized fatty deposits on the trunk, and metabolic disturbances is becoming increasingly recognized in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patient population. Objective. To increase awareness of this syndrome among dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons and to review its various treatment options, including liposuction. Methods. We present a patient with HIV lipodystrophy syndrome who underwent tumescent liposuction. We also describe our experience with liposuction in the management of this condition and review the treatment options that have been proposed in the literature. Results. In the medical management of HIV lipodystrophy, various agents have been utilized but most have yielded disappointing results. Preliminary evidence on the use of tumescent liposuction in these patients suggests that significant improvement in the cosmetic disfigurement can be achieved. Conclusion. This syndrome is common among HIV‐infected patients and remains difficult to treat. Although medical therapy may be preferable in most patients, liposuction represents a viable option in selected individuals.