New Sesquiterpene Derivatives from the Sponge Dysidea Species with a Selective Inhibitor Profile against Human Phospholipase A2 and Other Leukocyte Functions

Two new sesquiterpene cyclopentenones, dysidenones A and B (2, 3), and a new sesquiterpene aminoquinone, dysidine (4), all containing the same rearranged drimane skeleton, have been isolated from a Dysidea sp. sponge, along with bolinaquinone (1). The structures were established from 2D NMR data. Bolinaquinone (1), dysidine (4), and a 1:1 mixture of dysidenones A and B (2, 3) significantly inhibited human synovial phospholipase A2 (PLA2) at 10 μM. Compound 4, which shows an IC50 value of 2.0 μM, exerts a higher potency and selectivity toward this enzyme than the reference inhibitor manoalide. In addition, all of these compounds modulated at 10 μM other human leukocyte functions such as the degranulation process measured as elastase release and the superoxide production measured by chemiluminescence.