Fragments from α-Actinin Insert into Reconstituted Lipid Bilayers

Recent experiments have indicated that α-actinin interacts with phospholipid membranes. Using computer analysis methods we determined two possible lipid binding sites capable of membrane attachment/insertion, residues 281–300 and 720–739 of the primary amino acid sequence on smooth muscle α-actinin. Having expressed these regions as fusion proteins with schistosomal GST (glutathione S-transferase), we used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to investigate their interaction with mixtures of zwitterionic (dimyristoyl-l-α-phosphatidylcholine, DMPC) and anionic (dimyristoyl-l-α-phosphatidylglycerol, DMPG) phospholipids in reconstituted lipid bilayers. Calorimetric measurements showed that as fusion protein concentration increased, the main chain transition enthalpy decreased and chain melting temperatures shifted, which is indicative of partial protein insertion into the hydrophobic region of the lipid membranes. Centrifugation assay and subsequent SDS/Page chromatography confirmed this finding.