Molecular Symmetry as an Aid to Geometry Determination in Ligand Protein Complexes

Dipole–dipole couplings between pairs of spin 12 nuclei, which can be measured from NMR spectra in field-ordered media, offer useful constraints on the orientation of various fragments in molecular systems. However, the orientation of fragments relative to a molecule fixed reference frame is often key to complete structure determination. Here, we demonstrate that the symmetry properties of molecular complexes can aid in the definition of a reference frame. It is shown that a threefold rotational symmetry axis dictates the direction and symmetry of the experimentally determined order tensor for α-methyl-mannose in fast exchange among the three symmetry-related binding sites of mannose binding protein. This approach facilitates studies of the geometry of the ligand in the protein–ligand complex and also may provide a novel route to structure determination of a homomultimeric protein.