Effects of Long-Term Nonpulsatile Left Heart Bypass on the Mechanical Properties of the Aortic Wall

We investigated the mechanical properties of the descending aortic wall relative to its structural change caused by reduced pulse pressure in long-term nonpulsatile left heart bypass (LHB). Fifteen adult goats (53–68 kg) were divided into three groupsfive goats underwent LHB with a nonpulsatile pump for 31 to 381 days (Group N), five goats underwent LHB with a pulsatile pump for 24 to 130 days (Group P), and the other five goats were used as normal control animals (Group C). The aortic pulse wave pressure was 17 ± 7 mm Hg in Group N, 43 ± 1 mm Hg in Group P, and 39 ± 2 mm Hg in Group C. Structural changes were evaluated using wall thickness and the volume ratio of elastin and collagen. The mechanical properties were evaluated using “β,” which was calculated according to the equation= (In P/Ps)/(Do/Ds-1), where Ps was the standard pressure, Ds was the wall diameter at pressure Ps, and Do was the wall diameter at pressure P. The wall thickness of the aortic wall in Group N (1.6 ± 0.3 mm) was significantly thinner than that in either Group P (2.2 ± 0.3 mm) or Group C (2.1 ± 0.2 mm). The volume ratio of elastin in Group N (51 ± 3%) was higher than that in Group P (44 ± 1%) or Group C (40 ± 1%), whereas no significant difference was found in the volume ratio of collagen between those in Group N (10 ± 1%), Group P (9 ± 2%), and Group C (10 ± 1%). The stiffness parameter, β, in Group N (3.1 ± 0.7) was slightly higher than that seen in Group P (2.9 ± 0.4) or Group C (2.9 ± 0.2), but there was no significant difference between the three groups. These results indicate that long-term non-pulsatile LHB caused marked structural changes in the aortic wall, whereas the change in mechanical properties were not significant with regard to stiffness.