Tumor angiogenesis is associated with progression after radical prostatectomy in pT2/pT3 prostate cancer

BACKGROUND The clinical relevance of tumor angiogenesis has been investigated in several human tumor types. Angiogenesis (measured as microvessel density; MVD) was recently correlated with tumor stage, grade, and clinical course in prostate cancer (PC). However, considerable controversy remains concerning the prognostic value of angiogenesis in PC. METHODS We examined MVD in primary PCs to further establish the prognostic relevance of angiogenesis in this tumor entity. In 98 paraffin‐embedded PCs of various stages, 5 prostate adenomas, and 20 normal prostate tissues, MVD was determined immunohistochemically using a polyclonal antibody against factor VIII. The findings were correlated with the clinical data of the patients. RESULTS Normal prostate tissue and prostate adenomas had a low MVD. In PC, MVD increased significantly with tumor stage and grade (P < 0.001). The Wilcoxon rank statistics showed significant differences for MVD (P < 0.0001), tumor stage (P < 0.0027), and grade (P < 0.0001), but not for preoperative prostate‐specific antigen values in PC patients with and without tumor progression subsequent to treatment, respectively. Importantly, multivariate survival analysis revealed that MVD and tumor grade were the only independent markers for progression in prostate carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS In this study, tumor angiogenesis measured by MVD was associated with a dismal pathologic appearance and a negative clinical prognosis in PC after radical prostatectomy. Prostate 42:26–33, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.