Analysis of two human parvovirus PARV4 genotypes identified in human plasma for fractionation

1 Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK 2 Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA 3 University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA 4 Department of Virology, University College London Hospital, The Windeyer Building, 46 Cleveland Street, London W1T 4JF, UK 5 Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands 6 Laboratory of Immunochemistry, D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, 123098 Moscow, Russia Correspondence Sally A. Baylis sbaylis{at}nibsc.ac.uk The presence of the novel parvovirus PARV4 and a related variant, PARV5, was recently demonstrated in pooled plasma used in the manufacture of blood and plasma-derived medicinal products. DNA sequence analysis of nearly full-length genomes of four PARV4 and two PARV5 strains from manufacturing plasma pools is now presented. Like PARV4, PARV5 encodes two non-overlapping open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2), homologous to the non-structural and capsid proteins of other parvoviruses, respectively. A highly conserved region in ORF2 contains phospholipase A 2 motifs involved in parvovirus infectivity. Hybridization of strand-specific probes to DNA extracted from high-titre, PARV4-positive plasma revealed that the positive and negative strands are packaged into PARV4 virions in similar quantities. This extended analysis of nearly full-length PARV4 and PARV5 sequences suggests that they are closely related genotypes and the use of a single virus name, PARV4, comprising genotypes 1 and 2 (previously termed PARV5) is proposed. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the PARV4 and PARV5 sequences determined in this study are DQ873386–DQ873391.