Diffusion Imaging of the Prostate at 3.0 Tesla

OBJECTIVES:We sought to assess the efficacy of diffusion imaging in the differential diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma using a 3.0 T scanner and parallel imaging technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Diffusion-weighted images were acquired using a single shot echo-planar imaging sequence with b = 0 and 500 seconds/mm. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCy) values were calculated in tumor and healthy-appearing peripheral zone for 62 patients. Diffusion tensor images were also acquired in 25 patients and mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy determined. RESULTS:Significant differences were noted between prostatic carcinoma (1.33 ± 0.32 × 10 mm/s) and peripheral zone (1.86 ± 0.47 × 10 mm/s) for ADCy. Significant differences between the 2 tissue types were also noted for mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy. Utilizing a cut-off of 1.45 × 10 mm/s for mean diffusivity, a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 80% were obtained. CONCLUSIONS:Diffusion imaging of the prostate was implemented at high magnetic field strength. Reduced ADC and increased fractional anisotropy values were noted in prostatic carcinoma.