Genetic effects of anorganic bovine bone (Bio-Oss ®) on osteoblast-like MG63 cells

Bio-Oss ® (Geistlich, Wolhusen, Switzerland) is composed by anorganic bovine bone and is widely used in several bone regeneration procedures in oral surgery. How this biomaterial alters osteoblast gene expression to promote bone formation is poorly understood. We therefore attempted to address this question by using microarray techniques to identify genes that are differentially regulated in osteoblasts exposed to Bio-Oss ®. By using DNA microarrays containing 20,000 genes, we identified in osteoblast-like cells line (MG-63) cultured with Bio-Oss ® several genes which expression was significantly up- and down-regulated. The differentially expressed genes cover a broad range of functional activities: (a) signaling transduction, (b) transcription, (c) cell cycle regulation, (d) vesicular transport, (e) apoptosis, and (f) immunity. These results could explain the reported bioaffinity of Bio-Oss ® to host animals, its biological affinity to osteogenic cells and its capability to stimulate osteoblastic differentiation. The data reported are, to our knowledge, the first genetic portrait of Bio-Oss ® effects. They can be relevant to our improved understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying bone regenerative procedures and as a model for comparing other materials with similar clinical effects.