Use of polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of fungal endophthalmitis

To evaluate the usefulness of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) compared with the conventional mycologic methods in the diagnosis of fungal endophthalmitis. Prospective comparative validation of diagnostic testing—case-control study. Thirty subjects in whom fungal endophthalmitis was suspected and 20 controls with noninfections. Collection of intraocular specimens and testing for the presence of fungus by PCR and conventional methods. Detection of fungus by microscopy, growth by culture, and fungal DNA by PCR for definitive and rapid diagnosis of fungal endophthalmitis. None of the controls was positive by microscopy, culture, or PCR. Among the 43 intraocular specimens from 30 subjects, 24 were positive by conventional mycologic methods and 32 were positive by PCR. PCR increased the sensitivity of detection by 18.6%, which was statistically significant (McNemar test: P = 0.039). PCR was a more sensitive and rapid diagnostic tool compared with the conventional mycologic methods in the diagnosis of fungal endophthalmitis.