Creatine transporter protein content, localization, and gene expression in rat skeletal muscle

1 School of Health Sciences and 2 Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia; 3 Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia; and 4 Institute of Cell Biology, ETH-Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland The present study examined the gene expression and cellular localization of the creatine transporter (CreaT) protein in rat skeletal muscle. Soleus (SOL) and red (RG) and white gastrocnemius (WG) muscles were analyzed for CreaT mRNA, CreaT protein, and total creatine (TCr) content. Cellular location of the CreaT protein was visualized with immunohistochemical analysis of muscle cross sections. TCr was higher ( P 0.05) in WG than in both RG and SOL, and was higher in RG than in SOL. Total CreaT protein content was greater ( P 0.05) in SOL and RG than in WG. Two bands (55 and 70 kDa) of the CreaT protein were found in all muscle types. Both the 55-kDa (CreaT-55) and the 70-kDa (CreaT-70) bands were present in greater ( P 0.05) amounts in SOL and RG than in WG. SOL and RG had a greater amount ( P 0.05) of CreaT-55 than CreaT-70. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the CreaT was mainly associated with the sarcolemmal membrane in all muscle types. CreaT mRNA expression per microgram of total RNA was similar across the three muscle types. These data indicate that rat SOL and RG have an enhanced potential to transport Cr compared with WG, despite a higher TCr in the latter. phosphocreatine; metabolism; creatine supplementation.