Changes in C-reactive protein and haptoglobin in dogs with lymphatic neoplasia

Acute phase proteins (APP) are regarded as a useful diagnostic tool in humans with lymphomas, leukaemias and multiple myeloma. C-reactive protein (CRP) and haptoglobin concentrations were measured in dogs with malignant multicentric (high grade) lymphoma ( n = 16), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) ( n = 11), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) ( n = 7) and multiple myeloma ( n = 8). Twenty-five healthy dogs served as controls. Measurements of the CRP plasma concentration were performed using a commercial ELISA and haptoglobin was measured with an assay based on its haemoglobin binding capacity. Global group comparisons using Kruskal–Wallis-test revealed significant group differences for both APPs ( P < 0.0001). Median CRP concentrations were increased in all groups with neoplastic lymphatic disorders (lymphoma: 37.2 mg/L, ALL: 47.8 mg/L, CLL: 35.5 mg/L, myeloma: 17.6 mg/L) compared to controls (1.67 mg/L; P < 0.001). Compared to the healthy controls (median = 0.59 g/L), haptoglobin was especially increased in dogs with ALL (6.8 g/L, P < 0.0001) followed by dogs with malignant lymphoma (3.8 g/L, P < 0.0001), CLL (3.2 g/L, P = 0.0008), and multiple myeloma (3.0 g/L, P = 0.0163). For both APPs, a wide range of values was found in all patient groups. The results indicate that particularly severe and acute lymphatic neoplasia, such as high grade lymphoma and ALL, cause significant acute phase reactions in dogs and must be included in the differential diagnoses of increased blood levels of these APPs.