A controlled clinical trial of the effects of the Twin Block and Dynamax appliances on the hard and soft tissues

The aim of this controlled trial was to identify and quantify skeletal, soft tissue and dental changes during treatment, and immediately post-treatment with Twin Block (TB) or Dynamax appliance using the techniques of three-dimensional (3D)optical surface laser scanning, cephalometric, and clinical measurements. Sixty-two Caucasian subjects, 36 males aged 11–14 years and 26 females aged 10–13 years were enrolled in the study. The patients were placed in two groups, matched for gender and age and subsequently allocated randomly for treatment with either a TB or Dynamax appliance. Active treatment lasted 9 months followed by 3 months’ post-treatment observation. Laser scanning and clinical measurements were taken at 3-monthly intervals and final cephalometric records after 12 months. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon's matched-pairs signed-rank tests. The non-compliance rates were the same for both groups (9 per cent), but a greater incidence of breakages was found in the Dynamax group. The TB was found to produce slightly more antero-posterior skeletal change, median ANB reduction, TB = 2 degrees, Dynamax 1.1 degree (P = 0.006), and similar forward movements of the chin and was associated with larger increases in the vertical facial dimension, median total anterior face height increase; TB = 3.2 mm, Dynamax = 2.8 mm (P = 0.03). The soft tissue vertical cephalometric increases were 3.6 mm with the TB, 2.0 mm with the Dynamax (P = 0.036), and with laser scanning 5.05 and 2.6 mm, respectively, a difference which is likely to be more clinically relevant. The median post-treatment changes in soft tissue pogonion were −0.65 mm in the TB and +0.22 mm in the Dynamax group. The optical surface scanning mark and measure system is a valid method for quantifying soft tissue changes.