Maternal chemoprophylaxis against group B Streptococcus colonization. The consequences of not adopting the international recommendation

To know the criteria which determine the chemoprophylaxis on pregnant women colonized by Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) and the impact in our environment. A retrospective analysis, identifying pregnant women with isolation of Streptococcus agalactiae on screening cultures, cervical swabs and urine culture. Two groups were analyzed, group 1 received chemoprophylaxis, and group 2 without chemoprophylaxis. Chi square was used to asses the difference between proportions. Chi square approximation to Poisson distribution was used to compare the means of neonatal infection. A total of 274 cultures were reported with GBS isolation, on 261 patients; 165 (60.2%) cervical swabs, 109 (39.7%) urine culture and 13 patients from 274 (4.7%) had positive culture on both specimens. Of this 261 patients, 53 (5.6%) received chemoprophylaxis during labor (p