High tolerance to apoptotic stimuli induced by serum depletion and ceramide in side-population cells: High expression of CD55 as a novel character for side-population

Cancer stem cells are supposed to be resistant to apoptosis, but information for this is quite limited. Cancer stem cells are usually isolated as dye-effluxing cells with Hoechst 33342 staining, called side-population (SP) cells. Because Hoechst 33342 dye itself induces apoptosis, the SP cells isolated by such method are not suitable for evaluation of apoptosis. For accurate assessment, SP cells must be isolated without Hoechst 33342. Here, we found that CD55 was highly expressed in SP cells of two mammary gland carcinoma cell lines. Then, the high expression of CD55 was used for isolation of cancer stem cells among mammary carcinoma cell lines as a surrogate character. Cells expressing high level of CD55 (CD55 hi) were resistant to apoptosis induced by serum depletion as in the case of SP cells. In ceramide-inducing apoptosis, CD55 hi cells showed high tolerance. Anti-apoptotic molecules such as Bcl-2 were abundantly expressed in both SP cells and CD55 hi cells. These findings indicated that SP cells as revealed to be CD55 hi cells were tolerant to apoptosis. The high expression of CD55 may be a useful character for SP cells in evaluating their functions.