Hemolytic-uremic syndrome in a postpartum mare concurrent with encephalopathy in the neonatal foal

Correspondence: 1 Corresponding Author: Charles E. Dickinson, Equine Medical and Surgical Associates of the Rockies LLC, Stonewall Creek Ranch, 20601 N Hwy 287, Livermore, CO 80536, e-mail: cdickinson{at}frii.com A postpartum mare and foal were presented for evaluation of fever and lethargy in the mare. The mare was diagnosed with endometritis and initially responded well to treatment. On the second day of hospitalization, the mare developed renal insufficiency characterized by oliguria, azotemia, hemolysis, and thrombocytopenia. Concurrently, the foal developed rapidly progressive central nervous system signs culminating in refractory seizures. Both animals failed to respond to treatment and were euthanized. Thrombotic microangiopathy involving glomeruli was evident on microscopic examination of the mare's kidneys. Microscopic evidence of brain edema was the principal postmortem finding in the foal. No specific etiology was confirmed in either case. Notably, Escherichia coli 0103:H2 was isolated from the mare's uterus and the gastrointestinal tracts of both animals. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report in which an organism implicated as a cause of hemolytic-uremic syndrome was isolated from an animal with clinical signs and postmortem findings consistent with the disease. Key Words: Endometritis • equine species • hemolytic-uremic syndrome • thrombotic microangiopathy