Phosphate removal from solution using steel slag through magnetic separation

Steel slag with magnetic separation was used to remove phosphate from aqueous solutions. The influence of adsorbent dose, pH, and temperature on phosphate removal was investigated in a series of batch experiments. Phosphate removal increased with the increasing temperature, adsorbent dose and decreased with increasing initial phosphate concentrations, while it was at its peak at pH of 5.5. The phosphate removal predominantly occurred through ion exchange. The specific surface area of the steel slag was 2.09 m 2/g. The adsorption of phosphate followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity of the steel slag was 5.3 mg P/g. The removal rates of total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved phosphorus (DP) from secondary effluents were 62–79% and 71–82%, respectively. Due to their low cost and high capability, it was concluded that the steel slag may be an efficient adsorbent to remove phosphate both from solution and wastewater.