Characterization of seed oils from fresh Bokbunja ( Rubus coreanus Miq.) and wine processing waste

The physicochemical characteristics, fatty acid (FA) profile, and triacylglyceride (TAG) composition of seed oils from fresh Bokbunja ( Rubus coreanus Miq.) fruits and traditional Bokbunja wine processing waste were determined in this study. Oil contents of the fresh seeds and the seeds from wine processing waste were similar, accounting for about 18% of dry weight. The free fatty acid (FFA) content between the two seed oils was significantly different (0.50% for fresh seed oil and 73.14% for wine seed oil). Iodine, conjugated diene, saponification values, and unsaponifiable matter were very similar in the oil samples, but the specific extinction coefficients at 232 and 270 nm of wine seed oil were higher than those of fresh seed oil. Linoleic (C18:2, 50.45–53.18%, L) and linolenic (C18:3, 29.36–33.25%, Ln) acids were the dominant FAs in the two seed oils, whereas oleic (C18:1, 7.32–8.04%, O), palmitic (C16:0, 1.55–1.65%, P), and stearic (C18:0, 0.65–0.68%, S) acids were the minor FAs. LLL, OLL, LLLn, OOL, LLnLn, and OOO were the abundant TAGs, representing >90% of the oils.