Sound level dependence of auditory evoked potentials: Simultaneous EEG recording and low-noise fMRI

The simultaneous recording of EEG and fMRI offers the advantage of combining precise spatial information about neuronal processing obtained by fMRI data with the high temporal resolution of EEG data. One problem for the analysis of auditory processing, however, is the noisy environment during fMRI measurements, especially when EPI sequences are employed. While EEG studies outside an MRI scanner repeatedly demonstrated a clear sound level-dependent increase of N1 amplitude, this finding was less obvious in simultaneous recordings inside a scanner. Based on the assumption that this inconsistency might be due to the confounding effect of the rather loud EPI noise, we employed a low-noise fMRI protocol. This method was previously used to reveal level-dependent fMRI activation in auditory cortex areas. We combined this method with simultaneous EEG recordings to investigate the effect of different sound intensities on the auditory evoked potentials. Eight participants without hearing deficits took part in our experiment. Frequency modulated tones (FM) were presented monaurally with two sound intensities (60 and 80 dB HL). The task of the participants was to categorize the FM-direction (rising vs. falling). Our results inside the scanner replicate the sound level dependence of AEPs from previous EEG studies outside the scanner. The data analysis revealed a significant shortening of N1 latency and an increase in the N1–P2 peak-to-peak amplitude for the higher sound intensity. On a descriptive level, the 80 dB HL stimulation yielded more activated voxels in fMRI and stronger activations. This effect was pronounced over the right hemisphere. Our results suggest that low-noise sequences might be advantageous for the examination of auditory processing in simultaneous EEG and fMRI recordings.